In the late 1800s, tuberculosis was the leading cause of death in the U.S., killing one in seven people. The Ladies’ Health Protective Association (LHPA) campaigned to combat the disease, believing spit-filled sidewalks spread the bacteria. In 1896, they succeeded in pushing New York City to ban public spitting.

In the early 1960s, Ed Dwight, a U.S. Air Force test pilot, was poised to make history as NASA’s first African American astronaut candidate. Born in Kansas City in 1933, Dwight’s talents in engineering and aviation earned him a place at the prestigious Aerospace Research Pilot School, where he trained alongside aviation legends like Chuck Yeager.

In 1930, 16-year-old George Nissen from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, attended a circus and watched aerialists land on safety nets. Inspired by their soft bounces, Nissen envisioned a device that could allow continuous bouncing. Using canvas and wood, he built his first prototype, even dismantling his own bed in pursuit of his dream.

On February 17, 1864, the Confederate submarine H.L. Hunley approached the USS Housatonic off Charleston Harbor. The 40-foot sub, powered by a hand-cranked propeller, carried a 135-pound black powder torpedo mounted on a spar at its bow. After hours of stealth, the Hunley pressed its torpedo against the Union ship, triggering an explosion that sank the Housatonic within minutes.

Odd-eyed cats, known scientifically as having heterochromia iridis, possess two different-colored eyes due to a genetic condition. This striking appearance is most common in white or mostly white cats, often linked to the kit gene responsible for coat pigmentation.

During World War II, the U.S. Navy deployed the BRL (Barge, Refrigerated, Large), commonly called the ice cream barge, in the Pacific theater. This towed vessel stored frozen and refrigerated food and produced large quantities of ice cream for sailors and Marines.

The real Peaky Blinders were a gang active in late 19th-century Birmingham, England. Unlike their fictional counterparts from the BBC drama, they rose to prominence in the 1890s, not the 1920s. Their name likely referred to the peaked caps they wore, though the myth of razor blades hidden in hats is unsupported by historical evidence.

In October 1944, Aachen, the ancient city once ruled by Charlemagne, became the first German city captured by Allied forces. The battle raged fiercely, with American planes and artillery pounding Nazi defenses, followed by tanks navigating narrow streets in bloody building-to-building combat. By October 21, Aachen fell, marking a turning point in World War II.

In Yellowstone National Park’s 50-square-mile Idaho section lies a peculiar area called the Zone of Death. This uninhabited land has a loophole in U.S. law: crimes committed here cannot be tried under constitutional requirements for a jury trial, creating a theoretical gap in prosecution.

In the 1850s and 1860s, Chicago faced a crisis of poor drainage and deadly epidemics. Engineer Ellis S. Chesbrough proposed raising the city’s grade by several feet to install a sewer system. Streets, sidewalks, and buildings were elevated using jackscrews.