In 1932, famed Hollywood makeup artist Max Factor Sr. introduced a device that looked more like a torture instrument than a beauty tool.

As Nazi U-boats struck just miles from U.S. beaches in 1942, the Merchant Marine—made up of civilian volunteers—was tasked with hauling critical war cargo. Lacking military status, they faced deadly attacks in unarmed ships silhouetted by the lights of American cities.

In 1914, 16-year-old Antonio Pasin sold his family’s only mule and sailed from Italy to America. In Chicago, he took any job he could—hauling water, cleaning celery, building pianos—until he saved enough to open a workshop in 1917.

Tucked between two buildings on the Illinois Institute of Technology campus is a city park so small you could walk over it without realizing.

In 1921, a massive aircraft with nine wings and eight engines prepared for flight over Italy’s Lake Maggiore. Designed to carry 100 passengers across the Atlantic, it lifted off only once.

In 2007, a Spanish comedian told a story about losing paella pans to the sea. He couldn’t have known it would make him a global meme years later.

On July 4, 1915, headlines across the United States reported a story that stunned the nation: J.P. Morgan Jr., son of the country’s most powerful banker, had been shot in his own home.

In 2005, a small building resembling a Prada boutique appeared in the remote desert outside Valentine, Texas. Artists Elmgreen & Dragset created this pop-architecture installation as a sculpture, not a store. Located along U.S. Route 90, it features real Prada items in sealed display windows.

During Brazil’s 2001 energy crisis, Alfredo Moser cut a hole in his roof and slid a plastic bottle through it. Filled with water and bleach, the bottle refracted sunlight into his dark home.

In 1960s Zambia, science teacher and ex-sergeant Edward Nkoloso declared the country’s entry into the space race. He founded the Zambia National Academy of Science, Space Research and Philosophy, intending to beat the U.S. and USSR to the Moon—with a teenager, two cats, and a missionary aboard.